On December 23, 2025, the US Department of Commerce issued final anti-dumping (86.45%-126.14%, adjusted 60.76%-100.45%) and anti-subsidy (172.08%) rulings on Indian overhead door torsion springs, involving customs codes 7320.5020 etc. It also noted prior investigations and preliminary rulings on China and India's products.

Indonesian Minister Elronga stated on Dec 22 that US-Indonesia reached consensus on bilateral trade agreement substantive issues, to be signed by end Jan 2026. US grants tariff exemptions on Indonesian palm oil/tea/coffee in exchange for key minerals; no poison pill clause included.

The US announced tariffs on Chinese mature process chips starting in 2027 (0% currently), ending a year-long 301 investigation. It aims to ease Sino-US trade tensions and consolidate a ceasefire, while China opposes the move and warns of countermeasures.

On Dec 19, 2025, the European Commission issued a final anti-dumping ruling on Chinese-origin choline chloride, setting duties (115.9%, 90.0% etc.) for specific enterprises. It notes involved product codes, investigation periods, effective date (day after announcement), and prior steps (Oct 31, 2024 launch, Jun 30, 2025 preliminary ruling).

On Dec 24, 2025, India's Revenue Department issued Notice 37/2025 Customs (ADD), accepting the positive final anti-dumping ruling on Vietnamese Calcium Carbonate Filler Masterbatches (HS code 38249900) and imposing 5-year anti-dumping duties (0-75 USD/ton). The investigation started in Sep 2024, with final ruling on Sep 27, 2025.

US third-quarter 2025 GDP grew 4.3% year-on-year (higher than Q2's 3.8%), driven by consumer spending, exports and government spending. First quarter had negative growth, Q4 expected to slow, 2025 full-year growth predicted at 2% or lower.

On Dec 22, 2025, the German Economic Research Institute reported Germany's exports to the US dropped nearly 8% YoY in Jan-Sep 2025 due to US tariffs, with auto, chemical and machinery (pillar industries) accounting for 70% of the decline. Exports fell below 2022 levels. Suggestions include reducing US dependence, developing new markets like South America, India and Indonesia, and enhancing domestic industrial competitiveness.

In 2025, the EU economy demonstrates resilience with 1.4% moderate growth, stable inflation near the ECB's target, but faces weak growth, trade frictions, energy transition challenges, and regional disparities, requiring deeper reforms to unlock potential.

Japan plans to cancel the consumption tax exemption for cross-border e-commerce goods under 10,000 yen in FY2026, affecting Chinese platforms like Temu and Xiyin and pushing up Japanese prices. Global countries (US, EU) are tightening similar policies; China's cross-border e-commerce needs adjustments but its advantage remains.

The Dutch Central Bank released its 2025 autumn economic forecast on Dec 19, showing 2025 growth at 1.7% (above expectation), 2026-2027 at 1.2% & 1.1%. Trade and government spending drive growth, while corporate investment faces challenges; fiscal policy has limited expansion room.

China's trade surplus reflects global division of labor and market rules. US/Europe adopt zero-sum thinking, double standards (subsidies, tech blockades) harming themselves. China actively expands imports (zero tariffs, CIIE) to promote balanced trade, calling for open global cooperation.

The WTO has authorized the EU to impose countermeasures against the US over their olive trade dispute. The WTO arbitration ruled the EU can impose annual countermeasures worth up to $13.64 million. The US imposed tariffs on Spanish olives since 2018, which the WTO previously found violated rules. The US said the ruling won’t affect its anti-dumping duties, while a Chinese commerce researcher emphasized the WTO’s role in multilateral trade.

GTAI forecasts Germany's 2025 exports up 0.6% to ~1.6T euros, imports up 4.4% to ~1.4T (surplus ~200B, lowest since 2012 except 2020-22). Exports to China down 10% (7th place), US down7.3%; imports from China up7%+. Industries face mixed challenges; Ifo warns trade crisis could last 10 years.

南非贸易部长Parks Tao称南非受益于贸易协定，2024外贸额1997亿美元，2025年贸易顺差持续；中国为最大贸易伙伴，南非推进AfCFTA建设，应对全球贸易变化，农业出口增长，正与美谈判AGOA后续。

Reference News Network reported the surge in developed countries' standards harms developing countries' trade. The World Bank notes standards are crucial "intangible infrastructure" but mainly set by powerful nations; developing countries have low participation (e.g., <1/3 ISO seats) and high compliance costs, becoming trade barriers. It recommends adapting standards to development stages and active international organization participation.

On Dec 16, 2025, US ITC initiated 337 investigation (337-TA-1464) into evaporator devices, cartridges & components. Plaintiffs JUUL Labs & VMR Products claimed patent infringement, seeking exclusion order/injunction. Defendants are Glas Inc & LLC. ITC will set end date within 45 days; relief orders take effect on issuance, final on 60th day unless USTR vetoes.

On Dec 17, 2025, US ITC initiated 337-TA-1466 investigation on certain antibody drug conjugates. Applicants are AbbVie etc., defendants include Profound Bio etc. ITC will decide investigation end date within 45 days.

On Dec 16, 2025, US ITC initiated 337-TA-1465 investigation into certain semiconductor devices/computing products over patent infringement claims by Adeia Inc. Defendants include AMD, Lenovo entities, Super Micro. ITC will set investigation end date within 45 days of Nov 17, 2025 filing.

On December 17, 2025, US ITC initiated 337 investigation (337-TA-1467) into low profile microwave hood combination products. Filed by Whirlpool on Nov 18, 2025, claiming patent infringement. Defendants include Samsung, LG, Midea, Haier etc. ITC will set end date within 45 days of filing.

On December 16, 2025, Active Wireless Technologies LLC filed a Section 337 application with the U.S. ITC, alleging certain wireless communication devices/components violated Section 337, listing multiple companies as defendants.