On Dec 24, 2025, India's Revenue Department issued Notice 37/2025 Customs (ADD), accepting the positive final anti-dumping ruling on Vietnamese Calcium Carbonate Filler Masterbatches (HS code 38249900) and imposing 5-year anti-dumping duties (0-75 USD/ton). The investigation started in Sep 2024, with final ruling on Sep 27, 2025.

US third-quarter 2025 GDP grew 4.3% year-on-year (higher than Q2's 3.8%), driven by consumer spending, exports and government spending. First quarter had negative growth, Q4 expected to slow, 2025 full-year growth predicted at 2% or lower.

On Dec 22, 2025, the German Economic Research Institute reported Germany's exports to the US dropped nearly 8% YoY in Jan-Sep 2025 due to US tariffs, with auto, chemical and machinery (pillar industries) accounting for 70% of the decline. Exports fell below 2022 levels. Suggestions include reducing US dependence, developing new markets like South America, India and Indonesia, and enhancing domestic industrial competitiveness.

In 2025, the EU economy demonstrates resilience with 1.4% moderate growth, stable inflation near the ECB's target, but faces weak growth, trade frictions, energy transition challenges, and regional disparities, requiring deeper reforms to unlock potential.

Japan plans to cancel the consumption tax exemption for cross-border e-commerce goods under 10,000 yen in FY2026, affecting Chinese platforms like Temu and Xiyin and pushing up Japanese prices. Global countries (US, EU) are tightening similar policies; China's cross-border e-commerce needs adjustments but its advantage remains.

The Dutch Central Bank released its 2025 autumn economic forecast on Dec 19, showing 2025 growth at 1.7% (above expectation), 2026-2027 at 1.2% & 1.1%. Trade and government spending drive growth, while corporate investment faces challenges; fiscal policy has limited expansion room.

China's trade surplus reflects global division of labor and market rules. US/Europe adopt zero-sum thinking, double standards (subsidies, tech blockades) harming themselves. China actively expands imports (zero tariffs, CIIE) to promote balanced trade, calling for open global cooperation.

The WTO has authorized the EU to impose countermeasures against the US over their olive trade dispute. The WTO arbitration ruled the EU can impose annual countermeasures worth up to $13.64 million. The US imposed tariffs on Spanish olives since 2018, which the WTO previously found violated rules. The US said the ruling won’t affect its anti-dumping duties, while a Chinese commerce researcher emphasized the WTO’s role in multilateral trade.

GTAI forecasts Germany's 2025 exports up 0.6% to ~1.6T euros, imports up 4.4% to ~1.4T (surplus ~200B, lowest since 2012 except 2020-22). Exports to China down 10% (7th place), US down7.3%; imports from China up7%+. Industries face mixed challenges; Ifo warns trade crisis could last 10 years.

南非贸易部长Parks Tao称南非受益于贸易协定，2024外贸额1997亿美元，2025年贸易顺差持续；中国为最大贸易伙伴，南非推进AfCFTA建设，应对全球贸易变化，农业出口增长，正与美谈判AGOA后续。

Reference News Network reported the surge in developed countries' standards harms developing countries' trade. The World Bank notes standards are crucial "intangible infrastructure" but mainly set by powerful nations; developing countries have low participation (e.g., <1/3 ISO seats) and high compliance costs, becoming trade barriers. It recommends adapting standards to development stages and active international organization participation.

On Dec 16, 2025, US ITC initiated 337 investigation (337-TA-1464) into evaporator devices, cartridges & components. Plaintiffs JUUL Labs & VMR Products claimed patent infringement, seeking exclusion order/injunction. Defendants are Glas Inc & LLC. ITC will set end date within 45 days; relief orders take effect on issuance, final on 60th day unless USTR vetoes.