商务部回应批准稀土出口等国际经贸问题
新华社北京10月16日电 （记者谢希瑶）商务部16日举行例行新闻发布会，商务部新闻发言人何咏前就批准稀土出口等经贸问题回应外界关切。
有记者问：有欧洲企业在等待商务部批准他们的稀土出口申请时担心需要停产。请问，商务部考虑安排绿色通道来减轻相关企业的压力吗？
何咏前表示，此次出台的稀土出口管制措施是中国政府依法依规完善自身出口管制体系的正常行为，并非针对特定国家和地区，只要是用于民用用途的、合规的出口申请，都可以获得批准。中方将在措施实施的过程中，不断优化许可流程，缩短审核时间，积极考虑适用通用许可、许可豁免等便利化措施，有效促进合规贸易。
另有记者问，美国贸易代表贾米森·格里尔表示，是否避免美国对中国产品实施100%的新关税取决于中国，他还称自己相信仍有机会解决关于关键矿产限制的争议。对此，中国有何评论？其他国家是否已就新的稀土出口管制措施寻求澄清？
何咏前表示，中美马德里经贸会谈后，美方不顾中方反复劝阻，短短20余天，密集出台20项对华打压措施，严重损害中方利益，破坏双方经贸会谈氛围。特别是9月底，美方出台了出口管制实体清单穿透性规则，事实上将数千家中国企业延伸列入“实体清单”；同时，不顾中方磋商诚意，执意于10月14日落地对华造船“301”调查港口费措施，对中方利益造成严重损害，消极影响极为恶劣。
何咏前指出，中方对美方一系列做法强烈不满，坚决反对。希望美方珍惜经贸会谈成果，立即纠正错误做法，中方愿与美方在相互尊重基础上，通过平等对话的方式妥善解决各自关切。
何咏前说，中方在措施出台前，已通过双边出口管制对话机制向包括美国在内的各有关国家和地区进行了通报，澄清政策目标，减少误解误判，部分国家和地区表示理解，愿意并正在与中方积极开展沟通协作。
谈及对涉美船舶收取特别港务费，何咏前说，当地时间8月27日至29日，商务部国际贸易谈判代表兼副部长李成钢赴美国，与美方围绕落实中美两国元首通话共识，就中美经贸关系、落实中美经贸会谈共识等问题进行交流沟通，并就美对华造船等行业301调查限制措施等向美方提出交涉。近期，中方按照两国元首通话共识和中美经贸会谈共识，一直主动与美方就301调查限制措施进行磋商沟通，秉持建设性姿态，并提出相关合作建议。但美方态度消极，执意实施限制措施，中方不得不采取反制措施，包括依法依规对涉美船舶收取特别港务费。
何咏前表示，美对华造船等行业301调查及限制措施是典型的单边主义和保护主义做法，严重损害中国相关产业利益，也会推高美国内通胀，损害美港口竞争力和就业，美方措施落地确实影响了全球供应链稳定、造成全球航运业混乱。中方相关反制措施是被动的防御行为，是为了维护国际航运和造船市场公平竞争环境的必要之举。中方希望美方能够认识到自身错误行为，与中方相向而行，回到对话协商的正确轨道上来。
还有记者问，有媒体报道称，美国贸易代表格里尔近日声称，中国措施将对全球半导体、人工智能、智能手机等多个行业造成广泛影响，中方对此有何评价？
何咏前表示，中方近期出台稀土出口管制措施是依据法律法规，完善自身出口管制体系的正当做法，目的是防止稀土非法流向大规模杀伤性武器等不当用途，更好维护中国国家安全和全球共同安全。此次纳入管制的境外稀土产品，只包括中国出口管制清单里已经列管的稀土磁材及相关零部件、稀土靶材等产品。在措施发布前，中方向美、欧、日等多个国家和地区作了通报，且中方正在就出口管制措施与相关国家和地区继续就便利化开展友好沟通。
“美方的解读严重曲解并渲染夸大中方措施，故意引发不必要的误解和恐慌。”何咏前说，实际上，美国的域外管辖措施由来已久，早在几十年前开始实施。美国自2022年以来多次出台针对中国的半导体出口管制措施，滥用美国最低含量0%、外国直接产品规则等适用全球的域外管辖措施，胁迫各国联合打压围堵中国。美方的说法是在以己度人，这恰恰证明美方自己在不断泛化国家安全。全球的供应链安全稳定需要包括美国在内的世界各国共同维护。
译文：
Ministry of Commerce responds to international economic and trade issues such as approving rare earth exports
Beijing, October 16 (Xinhua) -- The Ministry of Commerce held a regular press conference on the 16th, and its spokesperson He Yongqian responded to external concerns regarding economic and trade issues such as the approval of rare earth exports.
A reporter asked: Some European companies are worried about the need to stop production while waiting for the Ministry of Commerce to approve their rare earth export applications. Excuse me, is the Ministry of Commerce considering arranging a green channel to alleviate the pressure on relevant enterprises?
He Yongqian stated that the rare earth export control measures introduced this time are a normal behavior of the Chinese government to improve its own export control system in accordance with laws and regulations, and are not targeted at specific countries and regions. As long as the export application is for civilian use and compliant, it can be approved. During the implementation of the measures, China will continuously optimize the licensing process, shorten the review time, actively consider the application of facilitation measures such as general licenses and license exemptions, and effectively promote compliant trade.
Another reporter asked, US Trade Representative Jamison Greer said that whether to avoid the US imposing 100% new tariffs on Chinese products depends on China. He also said he believes there is still a chance to resolve the dispute over key mineral restrictions. What is China's comment on this? Have other countries sought clarification on new rare earth export control measures?
He Yongqian stated that after the Madrid economic and trade talks between China and the United States, despite repeated dissuasion from China, the US side issued 20 measures to suppress China in just over 20 days, seriously damaging China's interests and disrupting the atmosphere of the economic and trade talks between the two sides. Especially at the end of September, the US introduced penetrating rules for the export control entity list, effectively extending thousands of Chinese companies to the "entity list"; At the same time, disregarding China's sincerity in negotiations, they insisted on implementing the "301" port fee investigation measures for China Shipbuilding on October 14th, causing serious damage to China's interests and having extremely negative impacts.
He Yongqian pointed out that China is strongly dissatisfied with the series of actions taken by the United States and firmly opposes them. We hope that the US will cherish the achievements of the economic and trade talks, immediately correct its erroneous practices, and China is willing to properly address their respective concerns through equal dialogue with the US on the basis of mutual respect.
He Yongqian said that before the measures were introduced, China had already informed relevant countries and regions, including the United States, through the bilateral export control dialogue mechanism to clarify policy objectives and reduce misunderstandings and misjudgments. Some countries and regions expressed understanding and are willing to actively communicate and cooperate with China.
Regarding the collection of special port fees for ships related to the United States, He Yongqian said that from August 27th to 29th local time, Li Chenggang, the representative and deputy minister of the Ministry of Commerce for international trade negotiations, went to the United States to exchange and communicate with the US side on issues such as implementing the consensus reached during the phone call between the heads of state of China and the United States, and to negotiate with the US side on the 301 investigation and restriction measures for industries such as shipbuilding. Recently, in accordance with the consensus reached during the phone call between the two heads of state and the economic and trade talks between China and the United States, China has been actively negotiating and communicating with the United States on the 301 investigation restriction measures, adopting a constructive attitude and proposing relevant cooperation suggestions. But the US has a negative attitude and insists on implementing restrictive measures. China has to take countermeasures, including charging special port fees to US ships in accordance with laws and regulations.
He Yongqian stated that the US's 301 investigation and restrictive measures against industries such as shipbuilding in China are typical unilateralism and protectionism practices, seriously damaging the interests of relevant industries in China, and also pushing up domestic inflation in the United States, damaging the competitiveness and employment of US ports. The implementation of US measures has indeed affected the stability of the global supply chain and caused chaos in the global shipping industry. The relevant countermeasures taken by the Chinese side are passive defensive actions and necessary measures to maintain a fair competitive environment in the international shipping and shipbuilding markets. China hopes that the US can recognize its own wrong behavior, move towards the same direction as China, and return to the correct track of dialogue and consultation.
Another reporter asked, according to media reports, US Trade Representative Greer recently claimed that China's measures will have a wide-ranging impact on multiple industries worldwide, such as semiconductors, artificial intelligence, and smartphones. What is China's evaluation of this?
He Yongqian stated that China's recent introduction of rare earth export control measures is a legitimate practice to improve its own export control system in accordance with laws and regulations, with the aim of preventing the illegal flow of rare earths to weapons of mass destruction and other improper uses, and better safeguarding China's national security and global common security. The overseas rare earth products subject to control this time only include rare earth magnetic materials and related components, rare earth target materials, and other products already listed in China's export control list. Prior to the release of the measures, China notified multiple countries and regions including the United States, Europe, and Japan, and is continuing to engage in friendly communication with relevant countries and regions regarding export control measures and facilitation.
The US interpretation seriously distorts and exaggerates China's measures, intentionally causing unnecessary misunderstandings and panic, "He Yongqian said. In fact, the US's extraterritorial jurisdiction measures have a long history and were implemented decades ago. Since 2022, the United States has repeatedly implemented semiconductor export control measures against China, abusing global extraterritorial jurisdiction measures such as the US minimum content of 0% and foreign direct product rules, and coercing countries to jointly suppress and contain China. The US statement is judging others by themselves, which precisely proves that the US is constantly generalizing national security. The security and stability of the global supply chain require joint maintenance by countries around the world, including the United States.