用智慧海关守护空港物流畅通
傍晚，在深圳机场国际货站出口查验台上，灯光如昼，深圳宝安机场海关物流园监管一科科长雷丹正和同事们专注地审核着一批即将出海的电子产品。核对标签、检查包装，动作干净利落——这批货物几个小时后，就将搭载当夜的货机飞往海外。
“旺季来了，今天的待查清单比平时长，我们得跑在时间前面。”雷丹抹了把额头的细汗，目光迅速扫过报关单。作为外贸出口连续32年领跑全国的“优等生”，深圳的空港口岸，就是感知经济脉动的最前沿。而物流畅通与否，关键就在于通关效率。
2022年6月，随着深圳海关“海空港畅流计划”启动，一场“空港智慧物流”改革正式拉开序幕。这一改革积极响应国家“十四五”规划中关于“构建现代物流体系、推进智慧海关建设”的号召，为传统通关模式注入了全新动能。深圳海关联合深圳机场集团，对国际货站场站布局、作业流程进行了一场“外科手术式”的精准优化：推广设立“前置仓”，实现园区外理货；建设智能闸口，让出口货物实现“智能分流”——中控货物直送集中查验区进行“顺势查验”，放行货物直通放行区打板装机。整个过程如流水线般环环相扣。
“改革带来的不仅是速度，更是整个作业模式的蜕变。”雷丹指着井然有序的货站说道，语气中带着自豪，“你看，现在功能分区清晰，各环节环环相扣，场站使用效率提升了45%，货畅其流已经成为了常态。”
这一新常态为企业带来了实实在在的竞争力。深圳市美邦运通实业有限公司总经理汤玲丽说：“过去我们至少要提前3天安排货物进入国际货站排队等候，现在这批货从出仓库到等待装机只需要4小时。出口货物在海关的通关环节平均也就10分钟，基本实现了‘当天出仓、当天上机’。”
随着口岸货运业务量的持续攀升，2023年初，深圳机场正式启动第二个国际货站的建设计划。“若沿用传统的模式，海关监管力量需要成倍增加，这几乎是不可能完成的任务。”雷丹坦言。
面对企业需求与监管资源的矛盾，一个创新构想应运而生——利用科技手段打造“无人值守”的智慧货站。2024年4月，深畅国际货站正式投运。AGV物流机器人穿梭搬运，射频识别技术实时追踪货物轨迹，数字孪生系统将整个货站“复制”到监控大屏。
“你看，出口中控货物正被安装智能安全锁并调拨至国际货站集中查验，其他放行货物则经深畅货站直通海外。”雷丹在监控中心轻点屏幕，货物轨迹一目了然，“智慧化的监管模式，打破了空港两个货站在监管空间、时间上的限制，最大限度节省了驻场监管的人力资源，实现了进口货物24小时‘即放即提’，出口货物‘抵港直装’。”
“在‘空港智慧物流’改革推动下，双货站模式不仅没有降低效率，反而让深畅货站的年设计保障能力比原计划提升了63%。”深畅国际货站总经理潘明强说。
智慧赋能，为深圳外贸高质量发展注入了强劲动能。今年前三季度，深圳机场国际及地区货运吞吐量达77.1万吨，同比增长12.7%，创同期历史新高。其中进口16.9万吨，增长12.7%；出口60.2万吨，增长13.6%。依托智慧海关的强大引擎，深圳正将其效率优势，锻造成驱动全球贸易网络的核心枢纽，也为国家“十四五”规划中“畅通国内国际双循环”的目标写下了有力的口岸注脚。(叶俊超/文)
译文：
Guarding smooth airport logistics with intelligent customs
In the evening, at the exit inspection counter of Shenzhen International Cargo Terminal, the lights were as bright as day. Lei Danzheng, the head of the Supervision Department of Shenzhen Bao'an Airport Customs Logistics Park, and his colleagues were focused on reviewing a batch of electronic products that were about to go out to sea. Check the labels, inspect the packaging, and act cleanly - this batch of goods will be loaded onto the overnight cargo plane and flown overseas in a few hours.
The peak season has arrived, and today's to-do list is longer than usual. We have to run ahead of time, "Lei Dan wiped the sweat off his forehead and quickly scanned the customs declaration. As a "top student" leading the country in foreign trade exports for 32 consecutive years, Shenzhen's airport port is at the forefront of sensing economic fluctuations. The key to smooth logistics lies in the efficiency of customs clearance.
In June 2022, with the launch of the "Sea Airport Smooth Flow Plan" by Shenzhen Customs, a "Airport Smart Logistics" reform officially kicked off. This reform actively responds to the call of the national "14th Five Year Plan" to "build a modern logistics system and promote the construction of smart customs", injecting new momentum into the traditional customs clearance mode. Shenzhen Customs, in collaboration with Shenzhen Airport Group, has carried out a precise "surgical" optimization of the layout and operational processes of international cargo terminals: promoting the establishment of "front warehouses" to achieve cargo handling outside the park; Build intelligent gates to achieve "intelligent diversion" of exported goods - central control goods are directly sent to the centralized inspection area for "timely inspection", and released goods are directly sent to the release area for palletizing and loading. The entire process is interlocked like a production line.
The reform has brought not only speed, but also a transformation of the entire operation mode, "Lei Dan pointed to the well-organized freight station and said with pride in his tone." You see, now the functional zoning is clear, and each link is interrelated. The efficiency of station use has increased by 45%, and smooth flow of goods has become the norm
This new normal has brought tangible competitiveness to enterprises. Tang Lingli, General Manager of Shenzhen Meibang Yuntong Industrial Co., Ltd., said, "In the past, we had to arrange for goods to enter the international cargo terminal at least 3 days in advance and wait in line. Now, this batch of goods only takes 4 hours from leaving the warehouse to waiting for loading. The average time for export goods to go through customs clearance is only 10 minutes, basically achieving 'same day out of warehouse and same day on board'
With the continuous increase in port freight volume, Shenzhen Airport officially launched the construction plan for the second international cargo terminal in early 2023. If we continue with the traditional model, the customs supervision force will need to be doubled, which is almost impossible to accomplish, "said Lei Dan frankly.
Faced with the contradiction between enterprise demand and regulatory resources, an innovative idea has emerged - to use technological means to create an "unmanned" smart freight station. In April 2024, Shenchang International Freight Station was officially put into operation. AGV logistics robots shuttle and transport goods, with real-time tracking of cargo trajectories using radio frequency identification technology. The digital twin system "replicates" the entire cargo station to the monitoring screen.
You see, the export control goods are being installed with intelligent security locks and transferred to the international cargo terminal for centralized inspection, while other released goods are directly connected to overseas through the Shenchang cargo terminal. "Lei Dan tapped the screen in the monitoring center, and the trajectory of the goods was clear at a glance." The intelligent supervision mode breaks the spatial and temporal limitations of the two cargo stations in the air port, maximizes the saving of human resources for on-site supervision, and realizes 24-hour 'immediate release and pickup' of imported goods and 'direct loading upon arrival' of exported goods
Under the promotion of the 'Airport Smart Logistics' reform, the dual cargo station model not only did not reduce efficiency, but also increased the annual design support capacity of Shenchang Cargo Station by 63% compared to the original plan, "said Pan Mingqiang, General Manager of Shenchang International Cargo Station.
Smart empowerment has injected strong momentum into the high-quality development of Shenzhen's foreign trade. In the first three quarters of this year, the international and regional cargo throughput of Shenzhen Airport reached 771000 tons, a year-on-year increase of 12.7%, setting a new historical high for the same period. Among them, 169000 tons were imported, an increase of 12.7%; Exported 602000 tons, an increase of 13.6%. Relying on the powerful engine of smart customs, Shenzhen is forging its efficiency advantage into a core hub driving the global trade network, and has also written a powerful port footnote for the goal of "smooth domestic and international dual circulation" in the national "14th Five Year Plan". (Ye Junchao/Text)