美联储“褐皮书”：加征关税拉动美国物价继续上涨
新华社纽约10月15日电 （记者徐静）美国联邦储备委员会15日发布的全国经济形势调查报告显示，受加征关税影响，9月初到10月中旬美国所有联邦储备区物价继续上涨。
根据美国《联邦储备法》，美国全国划分为12个联邦储备区，每区设立一家联邦储备银行。该报告根据12家联邦储备银行的最新调查结果编制而成，也称“褐皮书”。
报告显示，自9月初到10月中旬，许多联邦储备区由于进口成本以及保险、医疗保健和技术解决等服务成本上升，导致投入成本增速加快。一些制造业和零售业公司已将更高进口成本完全转嫁给客户。
许多联邦储备区报告预计，经济不确定性加剧将拖累经济活动。有联邦储备区报告明确指出，政府长期“关门”将给经济增长带来下行风险。
劳动力市场方面，“褐皮书”显示各地区、各行业劳动力需求普遍低迷。大多数联邦储备区报告称，由于需求疲软、经济不确定性加剧和对人工智能技术投资增加，更多雇主通过裁员和自然减员的方式减少员工人数。同时，由于近期移民政策变化，多地酒店业、农业、建筑业和制造业出现劳动力供应紧张状况。
美联储每年发布8次“褐皮书”，通过联邦储备银行对全美经济形势进行摸底。该报告是美联储货币政策会议的重要参考资料。
由世界贸易组织和国际货币基金组织联合开发的关税跟踪工具显示，截至9月16日，美国对全球所有产品的贸易加权平均关税税率为17.9%，大幅高于年初的2.44%。
译文：
Federal Reserve's' Beige Book ': Imposing tariffs drives US prices to continue rising
New York, October 15 (Xinhua) -- The national economic situation survey report released by the Federal Reserve Board on the 15th showed that prices continued to rise in all Federal Reserve areas of the United States from early September to mid October due to the impact of tariffs.
According to the Federal Reserve Act of the United States, the country is divided into 12 Federal Reserve districts, with one Federal Reserve Bank established in each district. This report is compiled based on the latest survey results of 12 Federal Reserve banks, also known as the 'brown book'.
The report shows that from early September to mid October, many Federal Reserve districts experienced an acceleration in input cost growth due to rising import costs and service costs such as insurance, healthcare, and technology solutions. Some manufacturing and retail companies have completely passed on higher import costs to customers.
Many Federal Reserve reports predict that increased economic uncertainty will drag down economic activity. A report from the Federal Reserve clearly states that a long-term government shutdown will pose a downside risk to economic growth.
In terms of the labor market, the "brown book" shows that the demand for labor in various regions and industries is generally sluggish. Most Federal Reserve reports indicate that due to weak demand, increased economic uncertainty, and increased investment in artificial intelligence technology, more employers are reducing their workforce through layoffs and natural attrition. At the same time, due to recent changes in immigration policies, the hotel, agriculture, construction, and manufacturing industries in many places have experienced labor supply shortages.
The Federal Reserve releases the "Beige Book" eight times a year to assess the economic situation in the United States through the Federal Reserve Bank. This report is an important reference material for the Federal Reserve's monetary policy meeting.
The tariff tracking tool jointly developed by the World Trade Organization and the International Monetary Fund shows that as of September 16, the trade weighted average tariff rate of the United States on all products worldwide was 17.9%, significantly higher than the 2.44% at the beginning of the year.